Are Shiva and Rudra the same? The answer is both Yes and No. Let's see what the Shiva Purana has to say on this. You must be familiar with this story. A dispute broke out between Brahma Ji and Vishnu Bhagavan as to who is greater between them. At that time, a pillar of fire appeared before them, it was the Jyotirlinga. Brahma went looking for its top end, and Vishnu went looking for its base. Vishnu came back disappointed. Brahma came back and lied that he saw the top and even picked up a Ketaki flower from there. Shiva cursed Brahma that he will not be worshipped anymore and also that the Ketaki flower should not be used for worshipping Shiva. You must have heard this story.

After that, Shiva blessed them both and revealed his form with five heads and ten hands. It was only then Brahma realized that he had originated from the right side of Shiva. It was only then Vishnu realized that he had originated from the left side of Shiva. Lord Shiva told them this. The task of creation was entrusted to Brahma by Shiva only. The task of protection and sustenance of the universe was entrusted to Vishnu by Shiva only.

Then Shiva told Brahma - to take care of the annihilation of the universe, I will incarnate from the middle of your eyebrows. I will be known as Rudra then. So Rudra is a limited aspect of Shiva who is responsible for the annihilation of the universe.

Rudra is not different from Shiva. Shiva says - since Rudra is only a part of me, you should not discriminate between me and him. There is no difference between us. Our worships are equal and identical.

Shiva and Rudra are both distinct entities and inseparable aspects of the same divine essence. The divine is both singular and manifold. This is a very important concept in Sanatana Dharma. Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva together maintain the cosmic balance. We should recognize the divine presence in various manifestations. Acknowledge the interconnectedness of all aspects of the divine. Recognize that various deities are different expressions of the same ultimate reality. Different manifestations of the divine resonate with different individuals. Recognize the necessity for a number of deities for the balance and sustenance of the universe. Cultivate an attitude of reverence and devotion towards all aspects of the divine, be it Shiva, Vishnu, or Durga. Practice inclusivity in worship by honoring the diversity of divine expressions and traditions. Recognize unity amidst apparent differences. Seek to overcome divisions and distinctions, recognizing the divine presence in all beings and phenomena. The essence of the divine transcends all labels and forms.